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What Happens to Mitochondria During Aerobic Exerci
« on: Jul 25th, 2016, 4:39am » |
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Mitochondria are microscopic components of muscle cells called organelles. You might think of them as miniature combustion engines fueled by fats, carbohydrates and proteins. adidas boston super The mitochondria use oxygen to break down nutrients and convert them to energy through a series of chemical processes called cellular respiration. Energy is released as ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, the essential element of muscle contraction. Muscles that are typically engaged in endurance activities, like those of the calves, thighs and buttocks, tend to have high concentrations of mitochondria.
Behavior During Exercise
During exercise, your heart rate increases to deliver oxygen-saturated red blood cells to the working muscles. In the muscle cell, oxygen is taken into the mitochondria and used to break down nutrients to manufacture ATP for muscular contraction. A beginning exerciser will find it difficult to engage in aerobic activity for a long duration of time because the mitochondria of the cells are not equipped to meet the ATP demands of prolonged repetitive contractions. adidas neo But with regular ongoing training, the size and number of mitochondria are increased, and their capacity for ATP production and fat metabolism goes up accordingly.
Training Adaptations
The ability of a cell's mitochondria to manufacture large amounts of ATP is dependent on training. When you repeatedly do a specific training activity, the mitochondria in the muscle cells used for that activity adapt by growing thicker and larger. The total number of mitochondria also increases, enabling your cells to use more oxygen to produce ATP. These changes help you to burn more fat, because fat is an oxidative fuel. Interval training is an effective way to increase mitochondria. In a 2007 Canadian study published in the "Journal of Applied Physiology," researchers found that two weeks of high-intensity interval training, or HIIT, resulted in increased mitochondria and reduced body fat in female subjects.
Effects of De-Training
Increases in the size and number of mitochondria will endure as long as you consistently engage in the activity that caused the adaptations. But when you stop training for an extended period of time, the process reverses, and you will experience a decrease in mitochondria in the disused muscle cells. After a long period of de-training, your mitochondria may revert to pre-training levels. adidas honey To avoid the consequences of de-training, one high-intensity training session per week may be enough to maintain your hard-earned improvements in performance.
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